Coke oven



Sept. 27, 1927. v I 1,643,532

- .W. H. WRIGHT COKE OVEN Filed 5m 7. 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 id Q b l I-l i l 1' P= h l I k l l l/E/VTOR Sept. 27', 1921.

FIG. 2

1,643,532 w. H. WRIGHT COKE OVEN 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 7, 1921 Spt. 27, 1927. 1,643,532

wL WRIGHT COKE ovfiu Filed June '2, 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Sept; 27,1921. r

w. H. WRIGHT coKE' OVEN Filed "June 7, 1921 j 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fla.

I. df/l/l/l' .W W w ATTORNIE'YI Federated Sept. 2?, 523".

nnrraoh eraras- PATENT @FFICE.

wrtmaar n. warrant, or mmwnnnnn, Wisconsin, ASSIGNOR To ronnnn'rrouovnnoonrcnnrron, A oonronarioiq or new loan.

COKE OVEN.

Application filed June 7,

My invention provides a coke oven and a method-of operating cokeovens'byzwhich a very uniform distribution of heatmay be D-D and (Flg.1)

' to a longitudinal flue F with ports at intervals Fig. 3 is alongitudinal section through one of the coking chambers, on the lineFigs. 4 and -5 are cross-sections respectively onlines of Fig. 2'; p v yFig. 6 isfia diagrammatic horizontal section showing the longitudinalfluesbelow thecoking chambers, bustion flues'in' the longitudinal wallsbetween the coking chambers. V Referring to the embodiment of theinvention illustrated, the oven is built on a foundation or base A ofconcrete, with exhaustflues B at thesides connected at intervals to theregenerators' through ports C. Valves 1) are provided and adapted to beset either in position to admit air to the ports C and cut the latterofi from communication with the main flu% B, or to cut ofi the air andopen communication with the exhaust flues; a separate valve D beingprovided for each regenerator along the length of the oven; Theregenerator ehambers on opposite. sidesfare divided from each other bypartition walls C At the upper outer end of each regenerator is a port.leading from which ports G at intervals communicate with the combustionflues in the walls between the coking chambers H. Such longitudinalflues F in their length are denominated sole flues,'or bus or manifoldfiues. The two sole 'flues F under an .oven

are cut off from each other through an intermediate wall F 3), but itwill be understood that the coking chamber H above extends continuouslyfrom one side of the oven to the other. 7

end, the right hand end in the correspondingly numbered and the verticalcom alternate sole flues.

and parallel with the sole fines F are gas 132.1. Serial in. 475,639.

Ea ch coking chamber H is wider atone F ig; 2, so as to permit thepushlng of the coke outat this end, this belng called the coke side ofthe oven and the other the pusher side. Each regenerator chamber ishorizontal wall- J between two bodies of divided by t brick" checkerworkK and L, with a passage across the inner end of the wall J, so that theincoming air passes circuitously 'backand forth through the checkerworkas can:

cated bythe arrow-in Fig. 3, and the outthrough the same path in- Thepartition J y is sup going gases pass reverse direction. ported onprojectin shelves M, Fig. 4, from the sidewalls of tie regenerators, andthe" topv N of the regenerator is similarly supported. A

the successive coking chambers; the flues. of each pair" connected toeach other at the top and communicating at their loweren-ds with Underthe flue Walls fines-R and S connected at their outer ends throughsuitable reversing valves with gas mains B, Fig. 1, at the sides of theoven.

The gas flue R has ports leading upward into the bottom of alternatecombustion lines, 0, for'example; and the gas flue S has similar portsleading to the remaining combustion flues. P. In Fig. 6 the gas, portsin the bottoms of the flues are indicated by circles and'the air andwastegas flues indicated by rectangles.

In the roof of the furnace there are vertical passages v bustion fluesto permit access to them for observation, for changing the gas nozzles,etc.

At the upper endsofi each pair of lines 0 and P they communicate Theports" or passages G which lead from the sole flues F are alternatelyspaced. at

See-for example, the middle on the. opposite side communicating withcombustion flues P of the adjacent wall.

.Verticalcombustion flues O and P are arranged in pairs (or it may morethan two) in the the walls be in roups of between" T andU in line withthe comwith' each other throughanopeningv in the wall between them.

With this arrangement air coi nes-intothe central flue,'Fig. 6, entersthe combustion flues O attheupper side"('of the figure) is mixed withgas and burns, the flue gas passing from the top of the flues O to theflues P, down the Iatter allfld out into the adjacent sole flue F; whileair from-the -same central,

'- sole flue F-pa'ss'es into the combustion flue heated regeneratorbefore being admitted tocombustion flues in the w P of the flue wall onthe lower side (Fig. 6) mixeswith gas and is .burned'and passes from thetopsof the flues P into and down the adjacent flues O and thence'out bythe sole flue Fat the bottom ofthis figure. The gay reversing valveswill beshifted when the air reversing valves are shifted; where;

the sole flue F,-and the combuston'gas passes ,on reversal, from thesole flue through the a same end into the regenerator.

A uniform heating ofthe charge from end to end of a coking chamber is ofgreat importance for the production of a uniformly good coke and alsofor economy of'gas. For a uniform distribution of heat along a flue Wallthere must be a uniform volume of air supplied to" thesuccessivecombustion flues along the length of the wall. In sole flues,such as are illustrated at F, the static pressure is greatest at the endremote from the entrance of air, so that to get a uniform distributionit has been proposed to provide a slide .brick or valve for each groupof combustion flues, and to decrease by this means the effectivecross-section of the successive flues or groups progressively toward theinner end of the line; or ports of fixed size have been used similarlygraduated.

I have discovered that the variation in the size of ports or in theeffective crosssection of the passages leading through thecombustionflues along the line of a sole flue is not only unnecessarybut also harmful in that it causes an unequal distribution of heat,

' and for this reason. Assuming air admitted at the right hand end ofthe sole flue F shown at the right of Fig. 3, its static pressure willbe gradually increased until at its inner end the pressure will be amaximum. If this were the only consideration it would be necessary tocorrespondingly decrease the size of the openings G toward the inner endof the sole flue. The low static pressure at' the admission end of thesole flue is accompanied by a comparatively high velocity pres- I -1,eeases Now, if we consider each of the adjacent flues which is taking offthe combustion gas producedby the air from the supply flue,

the conditions will be reversed. In each of I these exhaust flues. therea will be a comparatively; low velocity pressure at the end remote fromits opening into the regenerator,

gradually increasing toward the exit end;

the remote end gradually diminishing .toward the exit; *Along theexhaust flues, therefore, the velocity pressure will vary inand acomparatively high static pressure at I versely with the static pressurealong the tendency of the gas to pass out of it is substantially thesame for all combustion flues or separate groupsof such flues along theline of a sole flue, assuming the cross-sectional area of. the severalports and combust1on fines to be the same.

Besides the varying pressure from end to end of each sole flue, there isa variation in thewidth of'each coking chamber from. end to end, whichnecessitates some special provision for securing a greater supply ofheat, I andra greater quantity of air, in the ends of the flue walls onthe coke side of the oven,

where the coking chambers are widest.

, There is, moreover, a uniform graduation of heat required from theWide end tothe narrow end. In applying my invention,

therefore, the ports leading out of the sole flues are graduated insize, not as in previous cases by making them gradually smaller from theentrance end of the sole flue to its remote end, butby making themlargest at .the side adjacent to the wide portions of the cokingchambers and gradually diminishing" in size .to the opposite side-of theoven. In

'Fig. 3, for example, are shown two sole flues F in line with,but-opei'atively separate from each other, both underlying a singlecoking chamber H. This chamber being wider at the right hand end, theports G leading from the sole\fiues are widest at the right hand side,which is the admission end of the right hand sole flue, are graduallyreduced in size to the remote or inner end of this right hand sole flue;and for the left hand sole flue F the ports commence at the rightslightly.

smaller and gradually diminish in size toward the admission end (exceptfor end ports G and G referred to specially hereinafter). This takescare of the proper distribution ofheat to compensate for variation inthe width of the, coking chamber; and the complementary or balancingeffect referred .to above takes care of the variations in presabouttwenty wall or in the same side of an adjacent com- 2 along the solefiue. This rule of dual diminution of the ports from the side oftheoveutoflthe pusher side is lemented hit-case of the end ports at e:16! side of the'oven, marked Gand G respectively, by the fact that thecorresponding combustion fines require .an additional amount or heat tocompensate for the radiation of the adjacent sides of the oven. Theseports, therefore, are made-each somewhat larger than the sizes necessaryto compensate for percent (20%) larger for each port G and G The systemdescribed 'in connection with Fig,

3' is repeated along eachof the successive fine walls so that for eachpair of sole e with each other there are orts Gof corresponding sizeinthe adjacent sole 'fiuesj which serve to take 0d the combastion gasproduced by the air admitted I from thesolejfiues in uestion.

The principle of istribution described.

applies particularly to the type of Qcombustion' fines illustrated,known as the hair pin type, and to similar arrangements in which thecombustion fines are in pairs or groups, each'pair or groupcommunicating with the admission and exhaust sole fines independently ofthe other pairs or grou s. Where all thec'ombust ion fines in one si eof thelwall, are first fed by a sole fiue and then discharge into acommon upper bus fiue,

:which in turn discharges into an up er bus fine at the opposite side ofthe com ustion b'ustion wall, the law of compensation referred to aboveis not applicable. Considering the sole fiue and the bus fiuecorresponding to the combustion fiue's in one side of wall, acting asthe admission half of the circuit, these will be counterbalancedaccording to the law stated. In the corresponding group of outgoing busfiue, combustion fiues and sole flue the openings from the bus flue andinto the sole fiue should be graduated in the reverse direction, butu-nder these circumstances, when the flow is reversed the openings fromthe new admission sole fiue and into the corresponding busfiue will beincreased in size toward the, inner ends of these fines, which will bethe exact reverse ofthe graduation necessary to compensate for theaccumulation of the static pressure toward the inner end of theadmission fine. Ovens built on this planhave, therefore, to adopt acompromise in the graduation-0f the ports which is neither thefibest foradmission nor the best for exhaust.

The gas ports along the line will be graduated as usual to take'care ofvariations in the temperature of the gas as. the latter passes from themain gradually through the gas fine. They should also begraduated in thewidth of the chamber, say

, a wall, that is in the coke side or the pusher side of proportion tothe width of the coking chamoer and to the graduated quantities of airadmitted along the flue wall from the wide to the narrow end. Thiscontrol of the gas svpplf, to the several fines may be takencare by theapplication of nozzles of difi'erent sizes to the gas ports leading intothe combustion fines;

'I .have found that with such an arrangement of valveless combustionfiues along the lineof each heating wall and with openings from the solefines regulated in size not to their distance from the end of the flue,but tocorrespond with the width of the coking chamber, using identicalshle fines for entrance and exit, a very -uniform heating efiectissecured throughout the length of each coking chamber. ing alternately asadmission and exhaust sole fines, compensate for the effect of the dis-0 1 'tance of the ports from ah sole hue inlets,

automatically bringing about a perfect distribution' of the heating airand combustion gas. It is thus possible to graduate the size of suchports from end to and of the entire heating chamber relative to theheating load adjacent each fine due to the taper in the width of the.coking chamber.

The two regenerator chambers in line with each other under each cokingchamber,

as in Fig. 3, act in the same direction. That is, each of them passesair in the direction 01: the arrows shown during one period, and each ofthem passes combustion gas, in the opposite'direction from the arrows,when i the oven isreversed. These two regenerators together, therefore,carry air or combustion gas to or from half the vertical fines in thetwo heating walls of the coking chamin line with each other noparticular care is necessary to secure tight partitions G or F sincethere is no objection to the escape of a small quantity of air or ofexhaust gases from one to the other. In fact, these partitions serveprincipally the function of bafiies to control the currents of air andgas.

4 The division of each regenerator com partment into an upper ,and lowersection provides along travel for the air o'r waste.

The checkers are laid up so that theheat. passages run contmuousl fromend to end to each section, which results 111 lower pres- The solefines. actsure drop than with staggered checkerwork. This type ofregenerator chamber with the horizontal bafiie-J causing a clrcuitousand comparatively, long travel for the air or waste heat with its airexit at one end oi the chamber is 'import-ant'in connection with thetype of'sole flue illustrated, to provide for complete and efiicientutilization of the efl'cctive areas of communication between the soleHues at difierent points in their length has not heretofore been'knoWn;the

valves in use having been set in accordance. 'Wlth,tl16ll distances fromthe open end of the'sole flue, so that for example in the constructionof Fig. 3 the effective areas would be varied progressively from thecenter to-: ward the ends of the coking chamber, instead ofprogressively from one end to the other in the coking chamber, as in myinvention. By my method of operation, therefore, I may secure the sameadvantages from theold constructions of oven as if the ports leadingdirectly from the sole 'flues were properly varied in size.

Though I have described with great particu l'arity of-detail certainembodiments of my invention, yet it is not to be understood therefromthat the invention is restricted to the particular embodimentsdisclosed.

Various modifications thereof may he made by those skilled in the artwithout'departing from the invention as defined in thei'ollowing claims..What- I claim is 1..A coke oven having coking chambers which are widerat one, side than at the other side of-the oven with the walls betweenthem and having in each flue wall a' line of combustion flues arrangedin' groups and having for each fiue walla." pair ofregenerators and apair of sole fiues with ports communicating with said combustion fluesfor supplying air to and taking combustion gas I from said combustionflues at intervals along the length. of each of the sole flues, eachgroup communicating with the corresponding pair of sole flues by portswhich are independent of the ports from the other groups to the samesole flues, each of said sole fines having at one end'a single openingadapted to be used alter nately for exhaustion of combustion gas and, onreversal of the oven, for admission of air,.the efl*'ective 5 areas ofthe passages from the sole- ,flueS through said ports and thecombustionflu'es along each-flue Wall being graduated in sizecontinuously from one sideof the oven-- to the other, the greater areasbeing at the same side of the oven as the wider portion of the coking.chambers. 1 a 2.'A "coke oven having coking chambers with flue wallsbetween them and having in each 'fl ue Wall' a line of combustion fluesand and graduatedin proportion to the width of the coking chambers. Y

A coke ,oven having coking chambers which are wider at one side than atthe other side of the oven with flue walls between them and having ineach flue Wall a line of valve less combustion flues and having for eachflue wall a pair of regenerators, a'pair of sole flues for supplying airto and taking combustion gas from said combustion flues at intervalsalong the length of each sole flue, said sole flues having at one end asin gle opening'adapted to be used alternately for exhaustion ofcombustion gas and, on reversal of the oven, for admission of air andhaving openings between the sole fines and the combustion lines alongeach flue wallgraduated in size continuously from one side of the ovento the other, the wider openings being at the same-side of the oven asthe wider portion of the coking chambers.

4. A coke oven having cokingchambers which are wider at one sidethan atthe other side-of the oven with flue walls between them and having ineach flue wall a line of combustion'fiues and a pair of sole fines forsup-V plying air to and taking combustion gas from 'saidcombustion fluesat intervals along the length of each sole flue, said solefflues havingat one'end a single opening adapted to be used alternately forexhaustion of com bustion gas-and, on reversal of the oven, foradmission of air and having passages from the sole flues to thecombustion flues along each flue wall, the effective areas of whichpassages are graduated in size continuously from one side of the oventothe other, the greater areas being at the same side of'the oven as the.wider portion of the coking chambers, in combination with regeneratorchambers one for each sole flue and communicating with the latter atsaid one end" each flue Wall a line of combustion flues andhaving soleflues for supplying air to and taking combustion gas from said combusvtion flues at intervals along the length of each sole flue, there beingtwo sole flues arranged end to end for each flue Wall, the effectiveareas of thepassages from each end-to-end pair ofsole flues through thecombustion flues of the corresponding flue wall being graduated in sizecontinuously from one side of the oven to the other.

6. A coke oven having coking chambers with flue walls between them.and'having in each flue wall a line of combustion flues and having soleflues for supplying air to and taking combustion gas from saidcombustion flues at intervals along the length of each sole flue, therebeing two sole flues arranged end to end for eash flue wall, theeffective areas of the passages from each end-to-end pair of sole fluesthrough the, combustion flues of the corresponding flue-[Wall beinggraduated in 'slz'e continuously ,from one side of the swam the other,each end-to-end pair of flues serving as admission flues while theadjacent pairs serve as exhaust flues.

7. A coke oven havin coking chambers With flue Walls between t em andhaving in each flue wall a line of combustion flues and having soleflues for supplying air to and taking combustion gas fromsaid combustionflues at intervals along the length of each sole flue, the tuy'res forthe entrance 'of air at one end of a combustion flue from one ofsaidsoleflues \and for the exit of products of combustion at its other endinto another of said sole flues being graduated continuously from oneend of the coking WILLIAM H. WRIG TQ I a have hereunto

